Fish Feed Machine Knowleagde

1.The characteristics of saline-alkali land.
The use of saline-alkali land to improve the development of fisheries and prevent further salinization of the soil is an effective way to use saline-alkali land at present.
Saline-alkali land is soil where salt accumulates. Saline-alkali land is also called saline soil, which is the general term for saline soil, saline soil and alkaline soil. The soil contains a lot of soluble salt without sodium carbonate. When the soil is dry, a layer of white salt frost will appear on the ground, called saline soil.
The soil does not contain much soluble salt, but it contains sodium carbonate, so it is very alkaline and darkens the soil with humus. This kind of soil is called alkaline soil.
Saline-alkaline soil generally refers to soil that is generally salinized.
Saline-alkali land generally refers to a low-lying land with soil salt content above 5 g/kg, underground phreatic water salinity above 5 g/kg, and pH above 8.0. The main feature is the accumulation of water in the rainy season on the surface, and the return of salinity to the surface in the early season and dryness early, and crops cannot be planted.
Chloride water-type saline-alkali ponds are significantly different from ordinary freshwater ponds. Their salt content, total alkalinity and pH are higher, and the composition and quantity of plankton are also quite different.

2.Using saline-alkali land as the water quality characteristics of ponds and its impact on aquaculture.
The areas affected by seawater near the sea have the largest amount of chloride ions. In arid and less rainy areas, the river water has a high salt content, some can reach more than 1,000 mg/liter, and the high can reach 7000 mg/liter. When the salt content of the water exceeds 300-500 mg/L, the ratio of ions will change greatly, the ratio of bicarbonate ions in the water will decrease, and the ratio of chloride ions or sulfate ions will increase. For rivers with complex water replenishment types, surface water replenishment is the main source in the rainy season, and groundwater replenishment is the main source in the dry season. The water chemistry type may also change. It is usually sulfates in high water periods, and sulfates or chlorides in dry periods.

a. Salinity
Salinity refers to the total amount of main ions in the water body, and high salinity is the primary feature of water quality in saline-alkali ponds. The salinity of pool water mainly depends on the following aspects:
①The degree of soil salinization, its level is the determining factor of the salinity of the pool water, the higher the degree of soil salinization, the higher the water quality mineralization;
②Water source: Because the well water contains a certain amount of metal ions, the salinity of pool water with well water as the source of water is higher than that of pool water with surface water such as river water as the water source;
③Precipitation and water exchange. When the precipitation is higher than the evaporation, the salinity of the pool water is in a downward trend, and vice versa, the pool water with a large amount of water exchange is higher than that of a pool with a small or no water exchange;
④ Fertilizers and medicines. The application of fertilizers containing metal ions, medicines containing metal ions, and medicines containing chloride ions will increase the salinity of the pool water.
Affected by the above four factors, the salinity of salt-alkali pond water generally varies from 1.0g/L to 10g/L, and the salinity of pool water in spring, late autumn and winter is higher than that in summer to late autumn. In summer, pond water with frequent fertilization and more chlorine preparations has higher salinity.
When the water mineralization is above 5.0g/L, the growth of my country's main freshwater aquaculture fish will be affected.

b. Higher total alkalinity.
Because the water quality of saline-alkali ponds is affected by the bottom quality of the pond, the total alkalinity of the water body is generally higher than that of normal freshwater aquaculture ponds. It is generally believed that when the medium alkalinity of the water body is greater than 500 mg/l, the aquatic animals are cultured. Normal physiological functions and growth and development will be affected.

c. Higher pH
The pH value of pool water in saline-alkali soils has been in a high state for a long time, varying between 8.5 and 9.5. The pH value of pool water in spring and before and after freezing is higher than that in other seasons. Pool water with a pH value above 9.0 is more common, and water blooms in summer. Mostly above 9.0.
If the pH of the aquaculture water is too high, it will cause the gills of fish to be corroded, which will affect the normal respiratory function of the gills, as well as the normal acid-base balance of the blood. At the same time, the high pH of the water body will increase the toxicity of ammonia nitrogen in the water body.

d. Too many rotifers are prone to
After the beginning of spring and summer, the density of rotifers is easy to appear in the pool water. In the water near the pond where rotifer damage occurs, the density of rotifers is generally 5/mL, and the highest can reach 10/mL. Rotifers breathe It consumes a large amount of oxygen, and it is easy to cause hypoxia in the water body. At the same time, too much rotifers can also cause the water body to lack algae and the water body's oxygen production capacity is insufficient.

3. Improvement measures for saline-alkali ponds.
Good results can be achieved by adopting the following measures to transform saline-alkali soil fish ponds:
a. Diversion of fresh water to soak the pool to discharge alkali.
After digging the pond, it is necessary to frequently extract rainwater and underground seepage in the pond to remove the salt and alkali washed out by the rainwater and groundwater.
About 30 days before putting the fingerlings in the spring, soak the 20cm deep water soaking pond with water for 5-7 days each time, and then drain, add fresh water again, repeat several times to dissolve the salt-alkali components in the soil in the water and drain them . After the pool water is drained, fresh water should be added immediately (the water level should be higher than the outer river) to maintain the groundwater infiltration balance. Otherwise, the salinity of the pool water will be very high due to groundwater infiltration into the accumulation. The water discharged from the pond should be kept away from the source of the water entering the pond.
If the soil at the bottom of the pond can be plowed and then soaked in the pond before the spring soaking, it is more conducive to dissolving the saline-alkali components in the soil into the water body, so the effect of soaking alkali will be better.
Do not use quicklime when cleaning the pond, because the soil in saline-alkali land is highly alkaline. If quicklime is used to clear the pond, it is easy to cause the pH of the water body to exceed the standard during the breeding process. You can choose bleach to clean the pond.

b. Apply enough organic fertilizer, generally 750-1000 kg of base fertilizer should be applied per acre. Green manure is better (but alkali-tolerant plants such as Artemisia salina and Suaeda salsa cannot be used as green manure), so that a layer of silt can be deposited on the bottom of the pond as soon as possible , The humus and other colloidal substances in the silt are embedded in the soil gap, which not only effectively prevents the sandy loam pond from leaking, but also basically isolates the pond water from the saline-alkali soil. At the same time, the organic matter can adjust the pH of the sediment through anaerobic fermentation to make acid. Too high to suppress the impact of high pH value of saline-alkali land on water quality. This work is a key measure to transform saline-alkali land. It should be carried out immediately after digging and soaking ponds.

c. Selection of source water for aquaculture
The source water is best to choose river water or reservoir water with low salinity. If the source water has a low salinity and is not suitable for aquaculture, a well can be drilled to extract deep well water and mix it with the source water to adjust the pH of the aquaculture water. In the process of breeding, keep the water level of the pond higher than the water level of the outer river to prevent the infiltration of groundwater from causing the salinity to rise.

However, saving cost by producing your own floating fish feed is highly recommended. What you need is a pellet machine.