Fish Feed Machine Knowleagde

First, the characteristics and distribution of red soil.
Red soil refers to the soil developed under the action of subtropical climate and evergreen broad-leaved forest areas. Under humid and hot conditions, the soil surface material forms weakly alkaline conditions due to the weathering of minerals. With the leaching of a large amount of soluble salts, alkali metals and alkaline earth metal bases, the iron and aluminum are relatively enriched in the soil. The developed red soil.

Due to the abundant rainfall and strong soil leaching effect in this area, there is little accumulation of potassium, sodium, calcium, and magnesium, while iron and aluminum oxides are rich, so the color of the soil is red, generally more acidic, and the soil is more sticky. Lack of organic matter, it is a low-yield soil.
The pH of red soil is generally between 6.0 and 6.5, and the pH of some strongly acidic red soils is between 4.5 and 5.5. The nutrient content is low and the soil is poor. The content of mineral nutrients in red soil is very low. The total phosphorus content is generally in the range of 0.013% to 0.035%. The inorganic phosphorus is mainly in the closed storage state, and the effective phosphorus is very small. Most of the red soils lack potassium and have less effective calcium and magnesium.
The texture is sticky and heavy, and the organic matter content is low. The red soil particle composition has a high clay content of 30% to 70%, and the soil permeability is poor. The organic matter content of cultivated red soil is usually about 1%, and the organic matter content is low.
Second, the impact of ponds and small reservoirs with red soil as the substrate on the quality of aquaculture water.
The acidity and exchangeable acidity of the bottom of the pond seriously affect the water quality of the pond, causing the water quality of the aquaculture water to be acidic, which affects the effect of fertilization. In acidic waters, it is difficult for planktonic algae to meet the needs of carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. Reproduction. Therefore, in actual production, it is often seen that the bottom quality of acidic ponds is difficult to fertilize, the water quality is long-term turbid, and there is no algae phase, which affects the material circulation and energy flow in the aquaculture water.
The organic matter at the bottom of the pond is the source of nutrients required by the microorganisms in the bottom mud and the algae in the cultivation water. The nutrients in the bottom mud enter the cultivation water through the exchange of the mud-water interface. The lack of organic matter in the red soil results in insufficient fertility in the water body, lack of nutrients required for algae growth in the water body, resulting in lean water body and insufficient productivity of the water body.
Soil acidification also affects the activities of soil microorganisms. Because most soil microorganisms are sensitive to acid, after soil acidification, the number of soil microorganisms will decrease, and the growth and activity of microorganisms will be inhibited, which will affect the decomposition of soil organic matter and the cycle of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur in the soil. In the process of pond culture, it is not conducive to the decomposition of residual bait and feces deposited at the bottom of the pond.
Ponds with red soil as the substrate have a direct impact on the water quality of the ponds due to the existence of the above factors, which in turn affects the production of aquaculture. Practical production experience shows that in ponds with red soil as the substrate, it is usually unlikely to obtain high levels. The output.
3. How to transform the red soil?
Although when we are doing pond culture, we need to avoid using red soil as the bottom material of the pond in the process of selecting the bottom material of the pond. However, in southern my country, due to the widespread distribution of red soil and consideration of the construction cost of ponds, many mountain ponds and small reservoirs formed by damming the topography and topography still use red soil as the substrate. At this time, Appropriate modification is needed to facilitate breeding.
The improvement measures of red soil are as follows:
1. Before putting the seedlings into the water, use crop stalks and shrubs on the soil at the bottom of the pond to burn a lot of plant ash, and then use a rake to turn the bottom of the pond to thoroughly mix the plant ash and the red soil at the bottom of the pond to increase the organic matter content at the bottom of the pond.
2. Red soil is used as the bottom material of the pond. After the pond is cleared, in order to maintain the fertility of the water body, fermented organic fertilizer can be used. The fermentation method is as follows: Take chicken manure as an example
Dilute the bacteria liquid (refer to the product description for the specific dosage of the bacteria liquid) and clean water in a ratio of 1:300 and spray them into the material pile, mix and ferment. Adding an appropriate amount of corn flour or cakes can provide sugar for the fermentation of the bacteria, so that the multi-dimensional complex enzyme bacteria will quickly gain an absolute advantage. It is also possible to use solid microbial preparations for fermentation. Keep the dry humidity of the fermented material at about 40%-60% (hand knead it into a dough without dripping, it’s better to loosen it and disperse). Dry chicken manure can be added more water, if the feed is too wet, add more grass powder and so on.
Pile the evenly mixed chicken manure fertilizer, 1.5-2 meters in height, 3.5-4 meters in width, unlimited length, after the pile starts to ferment, turn the pile once 2-3 days later, pay attention to the internal temperature of the manure, it is very hot When the temperature of the fermentation material is at 60℃, start turning the pile again, and turn the pile again every 1-2 days. After the fermentation is about 7 days, turn the pile 2-3 times. Adjust the length of the fermentation time appropriately according to the outside temperature. In summer Fermentation can be successful for about 7 days at a temperature of about 30 degrees, and about 15 days for fermentation at a room temperature of about 10 degrees. It only takes a few simple steps to completely decompose chicken manure, kill bacteria and insect eggs, degrade the nutrients in chicken manure, and improve the effect of fat and water.
Every time the stacking material is not less than 3 cubic meters, if the material is too small, it will not be easy to successfully raise the temperature. When the compost height is 0.8 m-1.5 m, and the ambient temperature is below 15 ℃, cover with film or straw curtains. Do not cover too tightly, leave some The gap lets air in.
The fermented organic fertilizer is used as the base fertilizer and the fertilization amount per mu is 200-300 kg. When used as the top dressing, the fertilization amount is 50-100 kg per mu. In the hot summer, the amount of base fertilizer and top dressing can be reduced by half.
3. In the process of breeding, take local materials, and after the water enters, harvest the existing bushes on the edge of the pond, tie them into bundles, and put them in the pond water body, placing 250 kg-500 kg per mu. Turn it every once in a while, which is beneficial to the release of fertilizer efficiency.
4. Use lime materials to neutralize the acidity at the bottom of the pond
During aquaculture, if the pH of the soil at the bottom of the pond is less than 6.5, agricultural lime (calcium carbonate, etc.) or dolomite powder, which is relatively easy to obtain, can be used to alkalinize the red soil and neutralize the acidity at the bottom of the pond. Before clearing the pond and entering the water, spread evenly along the bottom of the pond, and then plow with a rake or agricultural machinery to fully mix the above-mentioned alkalized material with the soil at the bottom of the pond to neutralize the acidity at the bottom of the pond. The dosage of agricultural lime is generally 75 kg-150 kg per acre.